The taxonomy and ecology of the fungal genus Bombardioidea (Ascomycoti
na, Lasiosphaeriaceae) are discussed. Descriptions and illustrations a
re provided for the four accepted species: Bombardioidea anartia n.sp.
, Bombardioidea bombardioides, Bombardioidea serignanensis, and Bombar
dioidea stercoris. Observations from axenic culture are provided for B
. bombardioides, and an Angulimaya (Phialophora-like) anamorph is repo
rted. The coriaceous and gelatinous aspects of the peridium are consid
ered to be adaptations to xerophytic environments.