Of the 232 tamarins (133 Saguinus mystax and 99 Saguinus labiatus) tha
t died at the Center for Reproduction and Conservation of Nonhuman Pri
mates in Iquitos, Peru from January 1987 to December 1990, 23 monkeys
(9.9%) were diagnosed as having chronic colitis. Typically, the cecal
and colonic mucosa was greyish and small yellowish cysts, measuring 1-
4 mm, were found randomly distributed bulging the mucosa. Microscopica
lly, colitis cystica profunda was diagnosed additionally in six more a
nimals, giving a total of 29 cases (12.5%). This is the first report t
o our knowledge that describes colitis cystica profunda in a nonhuman
primate.