Da. Clark et al., COMMON AND SPECIFIC DIMENSIONS OF SELF-REPORTED ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION - IMPLICATIONS FOR THE COGNITIVE AND TRIPARTITE MODELS, Journal of abnormal psychology, 103(4), 1994, pp. 645-654
The common and specific symptom dimensions of anxiety and depression p
roposed by the tripartite (L. A. Clark & D. Watson, 1991c) and cogniti
ve (A. T. Beck, 1976, 1987) models were investigated in 844 psychiatri
c outpatients and 420 undergraduates. Principal-factor analyses with o
blique rotations performed on the 42 items of the Beck Depression Inve
ntory and Beck Anxiety Inventory for both samples revealed that there
were 2 correlated factors, Depression and Anxiety. Second-order factor
analyses of the interfactor correlation matrices indicated a large ge
neral distress or negative affect factor underlying the relationship b
etween the 2 first-order factors. Specific depression and anxiety dime
nsions were apparent even after we controlled for negative affect. The
results were consistent with both the tripartite and cognitive models
, with the cognitive and motivational symptoms specific to depression
and the physiological arousal symptoms unique to anxiety.