In Xenopus laevis embryos, the Wingless/Wnt-1 subclass of Wnt molecule
s induces axis duplication, whereas the Wnt-5A subclass does not. This
difference could be explained by distinct signal transduction pathway
s or by a lack of one or more Wnt-5A receptors during axis formation.
Wnt-5A induced axis duplication and an ectopic Spemann organizer in th
e presence of hFz5, a member of the Frizzled family of seven-transmemb
rane receptors. Wnt-5A/hFz5 signaling was antagonized by glycogen synt
hase kinase-3 and by the amino-terminal ectodomain of hFz5. These resu
lts identify hFz5 as a receptor for Wnt-5A.