Two new species are described: Megalospora occidentalis Kantvilas from
Western Australia, with solitary muriform ascospores; M. pulverata Ka
ntvilas from Tasmania, with typically two-spored asci and bicellular a
scospores. The new combination M. melanodermia var. galactocarpa (Zahl
br.) Kantvilas is proposed. Megalospora taylori Dodge, described from
Tasmania, is a synonym of M. gompholoma subsp. fuscolineata Sipman. Ne
w records are reported for Megalo-blastenia flavidoatra (Nyl.) Sipman
(from Tasmania), Megalospora disjuncta Sipman (from New South Wales an
d Queensland), and M. subtuberculosa (Knight) Sipman (from New South W
ales). Additional data for Austroblastenia pupa Sipman, M. gompholoma
subsp. fuscolineata Sipman and M. lopadioides Sipman, and a key for th
e family in Australia are presented. M. disjuncta Sipman is lectotypif
ied. Biogeographical and ecological patterns are discussed briefly.