Traditionally, organic syntheses are effected by a sequence of reactio
ns between two components: one consequence of this is that final yield
s can be very low. It has long been known, however, that effective syn
theses can be carried out using three, or sometimes more, reactants si
multaneously and a few such processes are used industrially. In recent
years processes of this kind have been systematically investigated us
ing sophisticated computer techniques, and successful syntheses have b
een achieved using as many as seven components.