PHASE-SHIFT, THE MARSHALL SIGN, AND THE LUTTINGER-LIQUID BEHAVIOR IN ONE-DIMENSION

The phase-shift asa key concept to understand the Luttinger liquid beh avior in one dimension is explored in the strong-coupling regime of th e Hubbard model, where a simple charge-spin separation picture exists. We demonstrate an explicit connection between the phase shift upon do ping and the Marshall sign hidden in the spin background. The obtained many-body phase-shift held reproduces the known non-Fermi-liquid beha vior where the phase shift effect also plays a crucial role to shift t he Fermi surface to satisfy the Luttinger volume. The connection of th e phase shift and the fractional statistics transformation is also dis cussed.