POINT, DISTRIBUTED, AND GRADIENT MEASUREMENT TRANSDUCERS FOR OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH

The standard unification of hydrophysical measurements poses a worldwi de problem inasmuch as the problem of global climatology cannot be sol ved without reliable measurement results. Moreover, the unification of measurements is necessary at regional levels, when a common ground of interactive ''conversation'' becomes possible with regard for the spe cific hydrological characteristics of the environment, and the results of measurements obtained by different teams using different instrumen ts are compatible and applicable, for example, to forecasting problems , etc. However, the cost of full-scale, in situ testing and measuremen t compels. scientists to look for alternatives that will reduce costs in both time and money. Results obtained in the laboratory, of course, need to be verified in the natural environment; simultaneously, howev er, prerequisites are created in the laboratory for the standardizatio n of instrument calibrations and measurement procedures under identica l conditions. These prerequisites and conditions must be recorded and established by standards documentation of the International Organizati on for Standardization (ISO), the International Metrological Associati on (IMA), the World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Educ ational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), and other age ncies so that the practical implementation of international accords fo r safeguarding the environment and the global climate will be guarante ed at the international level.