Jae. Hubbell et Ww. Muir, EMERGENCY ANALGESIA AND CHEMICAL RESTRAINT IN THE HORSE, The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice, 10(3), 1994, pp. 503-516
The production of analgesia and anesthesia in horses in emergency situ
ations is problematic because atypical reactions frequently occur. Dru
gs for standing chemical restraint should be given intravenously in sm
all does to minimize potentially deleterious side effects. The decisio
n to anesthetize a horse in an emergency situation must be considered
carefully because the cardiopulmonary depression and recumbency associ
ated with anesthesia may further compromise the patient.