ACTIVATED CARBON FROM LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS-PHENOLIC RESIN

Lignocellulosic biomass of agricultural/industrial by-products residue s was taken after the pressing and extraction of olive-oil and lignin Klason and a-cellulose were isolated. Also, phenol-formaldehyde was po lymerized by using an acid catalyst. Various mixtures of lignocellulos ic materials and novolac resin were cured with hexamethylenetetramine and then pyrolyzed up to 1000 degrees C. The IR-Spectrum of the cured material consisted of 20% novolac and 80% cellulose is practically sim ilar to that of 100% cellulose. The corresponding material with lignin Klason instead of cellulose has different IR-Spectrum compared to tha t of 100% lignin, because of additional reactions taken place between lignin and novolac under curing conditions. The weight losses, the shr inkages at the end of the pyrolysis, the specific surface area of the carbonaceous materials produced and their adsorption abilities of meth ylene blue and alizarin yellow from aqueous solutions were determined. The material consisted of 20% novolac and 80% cellulose or 80% lignin , appears as optimum characteristics of production process. The experi mental results are also discussed under the aspect of sample shapes th at influence the adsorption as well as the electron donor-acceptor (ED A) interactions between the functional groups of dyes and the carbonac eous materials. (C) 1994 John Wiley and Sons, Inc.