It is ironic that the patients who were specifically excluded from dia
lysis at its inception, the elderly, are now the fastest growing segme
nt of the dialysis population. Just because it is possible to dialyze
elderly patients does not mean that it should be done. This article re
views the following topics as they relate to decisions about dialysis
treatment in elderly people-medical outcomes, age as a selection crite
rion, allocation of scarce resources, and withholding and withdrawing
dialysis-and presents an approach to reaching decisions about treatmen
t of renal failure in the elderly.