The Muroidea, a group of rodents that includes mice, rats, gerbils, ha
msters and others, encompasses a tremendous diversity of fairly recent
geological origin. The taxonomy, systematics, phylogeny and paleontol
ogy of the muroid rodents have progressed enormously during the last t
wo decades, and many hypotheses on their evolutionary biology have bee
n formalized. Nevertheless, there still remain important unanswered qu
estions - regarding, for example, local conflicts between molecular an
d paleontological data, or the origin of the fast rate of DNA change i
n rats and mice - that need more investigation.