CIGARETTE, ALCOHOL, AND COFFEE CONSUMPTION AND SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION

We analyzed data from a survey of occupational factors and pregnancy o utcome to examine the effects of cigarette, alcohol, and coffee consum ption on pregnancy outcome. Clear and statistically significant associ ations were found between cigarette and alcohol consumption and sponta neous abortion. There was a weaker but statistically significant assoc iation with coffee consumption: If the associations were casual, 11% o f the spontaneous abortions could be attributed to smoking, 5% to alco hol, and 2% to coffee.