Effects of s.c. administration of dexamethasone (1-25-mu-g/rat pup/d)
during the first 5 d postpartum on survival rates, body weight, heart
weight, heart-to-body weight ratios, and heart dimensions were determi
ned. Dexamethasone decreased survival, body weight, and heart weight,
but increased heart-to-body weight ratios and myocardial percentage of
dry weight (0.44 to 0.52-1.06 and 20 to 23%, respectively; p < 0.05)
by 7 d postpartum. By 21 d postpartum, differences in absolute body we
ight and heart weight between control and experimental animals were re
duced; however, myocardial percentage of dry weight and heart-to-body
weight ratios were indistinguishable. Microscopic analysis of 7-d-old
hearts disclosed that interventricular septum, left ventricular free w
all thicknesses, and left ventricle chamber diameter were reduced (0.9
3 to 0.76-0.85 mm, 1.19-1.34 to 0.92-1.07 mm, and 1.35-1.40 to 0.89-1.
23 mm, respectively; p < 0.05), whereas right ventricular free wall th
ickness was unaffected and right ventricle chamber diameter was increa
sed (0.29-0.31 to 0.42-0.46 mm) by dexamethasone. Thus, dexamethasone
reduced survival and retarded growth of neonatal rats. Retardation of
heart growth was less severe, producing a transient relative cardiomeg
aly characterized by 1) increased myocardial percentage of dry weight,
2) increased left ventricular free wall-to-chamber ratio, and 3) rete
ntion of absolute right ventricular free wall thickness. This relative
cardiomegaly appeared to be resolved by 21 d postpartum, as reflected
in myocardial percentage of dry weight and heart-to-body weight ratio
s. These data suggest that this system might be a useful model for elu
cidating cellular and molecular mechanisms through which ventricular h
ypertrophy might arise in infants receiving dexamethasone therapy for
bronchopulmonary dysplasia.