T. Maekawa et al., UP-SHIFTED FREQUENCY ELECTRON-CYCLOTRON CURRENT DRIVE IN A LOWER HYBRID CURRENT DRIVE PLASMA, Physical review letters, 70(17), 1993, pp. 2561-2564
Using oblique injection of electron-cyclotron (EC) waves, launched fro
m the low field side in the WT-3 tokamak, into a target plasma sustain
ed by lower hybrid current drive (LHCD), the plasma current is ramped
up at a rate corresponding to 100 kA/s. The current ramp-up is ascribe
d to selective EC heating of tail electrons in the LHCD plasma via fun
damental EC resonance at an up-shifted frequency due to the Doppler ef
fect.