NEURONAL DEATH AND NEUROTROPHIN GENE-EXPRESSION - LONG-LASTING STIMULATION OF NEUROTROPHIN-3 MESSENGER-RNA IN THE DEGENERATING CA1 AND CA4 PYRAMIDAL CELL-LAYERS

Neurotrophin-3 has been characterized as the product of a gene cloned by homology with nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic fa ctor. Recombinant neurotrophin-3, like nerve growth factor and brain-d erived neurotrophic factor, has been shown to enhance survival and dif ferentiation of specific neuronal populations in vitro.4,10,15 However , little is known about its function and regulation in vivo. Both brai n-derived neurotrophic factor and nerve growth factor messenger RNAs i ncreased in adult rat brain, in a wide range of excitatory paradigms.1 ,3,11,13,22,28 In contrast, neurotrophin-3 messenger RNA decreased in some of them.13,22 Neurotrophin-3 is the most highly expressed neurotr ophic factor in immature areas of the central nervous system. However, no stimulation of its expression in the mature central nervous system , either in physiological or pathological conditions, has been describ ed to date. This behaviour suggests that neurotrophin-3 could be invol ved in biological roles different from the prototypes nerve growth fac tor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor.Excitatory amino acid recept or-mediated neurotoxicity (excitotoxicity) is believed to contribute t o neuronal loss in a wide range of neurodegenerative conditions (for a review, see Ref. 17). Moreover, locally increased levels of the endog enous excitotoxin quinolinic acid may be involved in the natural devel opment of neurodegenerative diseases.12,23,24 The unilateral intrahipp ocampal injection of 120 nmol of quinolinic acid induced seizures toge ther with local neurodegeneration in specific cell layers. In situ hyb ridization histochemistry was used to analyse the spatiotemporal patte rn of expression of neurotrophin-3. As in other excitotoxic paradigms, neurotrophin-3 messenger RNA clearly decreased, nearly disappearing, in the contralateral hippocampus. In contrast, a long-lasting specific stimulation of this messenger RNA expression was observed in ipsilate ral CA1 and CA4 locally degenerating cell layers. The present results (i) are the first example of an increased expression of neurotrophin-3 messenger RNA in the adult brain, and (ii) suggest the involvement of this neurotrophic factor in the quinolinic acid-mediated neurodegener ation process.