Xp. Ma et al., TRACE-ELEMENT FINGERPRINTING OF EMERALDS BY PIXE PIGE, Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section B, Beam interactions with materials and atoms, 75(1-4), 1993, pp. 423-427
Gemologists consider the mineral beryl, beryllium aluminium silicate,
to be the gem, emerald, when it contains sufficient chromium, > 0.1%,
to colour it a strong green. Emeralds usually contain other trace elem
ents. To investigate the feasibility of distinguishing an emerald's co
untry of origin through its trace content, the trace elements in emera
lds and a few beryls from sixteen locations have been determined with
a single nondestructive measurement using PIXE and PIGE. From the data
base established with this limited number of samples, distinguishing t
race element patterns were found.