This article focuses on the value and the limitations of nailfold capi
llaroscopy in the differential diagnosis of certain connective tissue
diseases and in the early recognition of secondary Raynaud's phenomeno
n. The finding of a <<scleroderma-pattern>> (apical enlargement and dr
op-out of capillaries) points almost certainly to an underlying progre
ssive systemic sclerosis, mixed connective tissue disease or dermatomy
ositis.