THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HIV-1 INFECTION OF THE LUNG IN AIDS PATIENTS

Objective: To examine the relationship between HIV-1 infection of cell s obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from the lung and the patho genesis of AIDS.Design: Prospective study of 121 consecutive HIV-1-ser opositive patients undergoing investigation for respiratory symptoms o r abnormal chest radiograph. Methods: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of HIV-1-specific proviral DNA. Cocultivation of leu kocytes obtained from BAL with donor cord blood leukocytes (CBL) to is olate HIV-1. Results: HIV-1 was detected by PCR in the lung cells of 7 8 out of 121 (65%) patients. It was detected in 55% of patients who ha d been seropositive for less than 1 year, but in over 800/o of patient s who had been seropositive for more than 3 years. HIV-1 was isolated from 61 out of 106 (58%) individuals. The ability to detect or isolate HIV-1 from the lung correlated directly to CD4 cell count in peripher al blood. HIV-1 was detected significantly more frequently in the BAL cells of smokers compared with non-smokers (P = 0.01). Conclusions: HI V-1 was frequently detected and isolated from the lung of AIDS patient s undergoing a respiratory episode. HIV-1 infection of the lung became more frequent with time from serodiagnosis. Patients who smoked were more likely to succumb to HIV-1 infiltration into the lung and HIV-1 i nfection of the lung was associated with progression to death.