The differentiation of the causes of acute scrotal pathology by clinic
al means alone is prone to inaccuracy, resulting in inappropriate surg
ical exploration. Colour Doppler imaging (CDI) provides the facility t
o assess blood flow. Torsion of the testis impedes blood flow, whereas
it is enhanced or normal in inflammatory pathology. We have investiga
ted 40 cases of acute scrotal disease by means of CDI in which the rad
iologist performing the test was unaware of the preliminary clinical d
iagnosis. The clinical diagnostic accuracy was 60 %, whereas the diagn
ostic accuracy of CDI was 82 %. CDI provides an effective means of enh
ancing diagnostic accuracy.