M. Murugiah et al., EARLY EXPERIENCE OF LAPAROSCOPIC ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN THE MANAGEMENT OFPANCREATIC-CARCINOMA, Surgical endoscopy, 7(3), 1993, pp. 177-181
A 7.5-MHz linear array ultrasound probe has been developed for the eva
luation of solid organs at laparoscopy. Twelve patients with suspected
carcinoma of the head of the pancreas, considered at initial investig
ation to have resectable disease, were submitted to laparoscopy. In 4
patients, diagnostic laparoscopy revealed hepatic metastases (4 patien
ts), peritoneal dissemination of tumor (2), and malignant ascites (1).
Laparoscopic ultrasonography demonstrated hepatic metastases in four
patients and hepatic cysts in two further patients. Ultrasound evaluat
ion of the pancreas revealed lymphadenopathy (4 patients), local infil
tration (2), and portal vein displacement or invasion (4). An anomalou
s right hepatic artery arising from the superior mesenteric artery was
identified in one patient. Overall, laparoscopy identified advanced d
isease in four patients. Laparoscopic ultrasonography, while detecting
advanced disease in a further two patients, predicted resectable dise
ase in six patients (50%). Only one of the six patients submitted to l
aparotomy was found to have irresectable disease due to lymph-node met
astases. Laparoscopic ultrasound examination of the pancreas and liver
has improved the early staging of pancreatic carcinoma and should be
undertaken at an early stage in the management of such patients.