In this Essay, Professor Robertson suggests revitalizing a once promin
ent but long dorment approach for interpreting donative documents. He
advocates replacing the traditional search for donor's subjective inte
nt with a circumstanced external approach. According to Professor Robe
rtson, this external approach is grounded in our legal history of dona
tive transfers and is ''better suited to the task at hand '' Under thi
s approach, a court would ask what a hypothetical semi-sovereign donor
(SSD) meant given the text of the donative document and its surroundi
ng circumstances.