We give bounds for the second real eigenvalue of nonegative matrices a
nd Z-matrices. Furthermore, we establish upper bounds for the maximal
spectral radii of principal submatrices of nonnegative matrices. Using
these bounds, we prove that our inequality for the second real eigenv
alue of the adjacency matrix of a connected regular graph improves a w
ell-known bound for the second eigenvalue using Cheeger's inequality.
(C) Elsevier Science Inc., 1997.