Undergraduate medical education in Canada and the United States is rem
arkably similar, except for the fact that Canadian medical schools are
supported by their provincial governments. However, the systems diver
ge sharply at the postgraduate level. In Canada, the number and specia
lty mix of residents are negotiated by medical schools in response to
educational and social needs; in the United States, these factors are
largely determined by hospital service needs. The Canadian systems of
accreditation, certification and payment for medical education after g
raduation are much simpler than those of the United States, and the ac
creditation and certification systems are more objective. In addition,
the US system promotes subspecialization and a costly specialty imbal
ance, whereas Canada's system has achieved an appropriate balance of s
pecialists and generalists. In general, Canadian medical education app
ears to be simpler, more accountable and more socially responsive.