Ntb. Stone et al., EVIDENCE FOR THE DECAY OF NUCLEAR-MATTER TOROIDAL GEOMETRIES IN NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS, Physical review letters, 78(11), 1997, pp. 2084-2087
Systematic experimental evidence is presented for the decay of nuclear
matter from toroidal geometries using reactions of Kr-86 + Nb-93 at i
ncident energies ranging from 35 to 95 MeV/nucleon. The decay of nonco
mpact geometries is established through two charge-related observables
, and the distinction between toroidal and bubblelike geometries is ac
hieved through event shape analysis. Indications of these exotic geome
tries appear for beam energies between 60 and 75 MeV/nucleon.