F. Demotesmainard et al., PHARMACOKINETICS OF INTRAVENOUS AND INTRAPERITONEAL CEFTAZIDIME IN CHRONIC AMBULATORY PERITONEAL-DIALYSIS, Journal of clinical pharmacology, 33(5), 1993, pp. 475-479
The pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime have been investigated in eight pa
tients with chronic renal failure undergoing continuous ambulatory per
itoneal dialysis. Each subject was given ceftazidime 1 g intravenously
and 1 g intraperitoneally at an interval of 1 week. Ceftazidime was a
ssayed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. After intravenous admin
istration, the pharmacokinetic parameters of ceftazidime were: elimina
tion plasma half-life (t1/2beta) = 24.6 +/- 4.6 hours; apparent volume
of distribution (V(area)): 0.37 +/- 0.09 1/kg, total plasma clearance
(CL): 11.9 +/- 3.3 mL/minute, peritoneal clearance (CL(p)): 1.7 +/- 0
.3 mL/minute. Over 72 hours, only 15.6 +/- 4.7% of the dose was elimin
ated by the peritoneal route. After intraperitoneal administration, ce
ftazidime appeared in the plasma rapidly, and the peak plasma concentr
ation of 24.5 +/- 5.2 mg/L was achieved at the fourth hour; the elimin
ation half-life (t1/2ke) was 20.8 +/- 1.7 hours. The absorption of cef
tazidime from the peritoneal space was 74.1 +/- 7.4%. These data sugge
st that ceftazidime has bidirectional exchange characteristics through
the peritoneal membrane. A single 1-g intraperitoneal dose led to ser
um and dialysate concentrations of ceftazidime above the minimum conce
ntrations for susceptible pathogen germs for 24 hours.