Leg edema is a common problem in older patients, with a wide range of
possible causes. The diagnosis can be narrowed by categorizing the ede
ma according to its duration (acute or chronic), distribution (unilate
ral or bilateral), and accompanying symptoms (such as dyspnea, pain, t
hickening of skin, and pigmentation). The differential diagnosis inclu
des systemic illnesses such as heart failure, liver disease, malnutrit
ion, and thyroid disorder; local conditions such as pelvic tumors, inf
ection, trauma,, and venous thrombosis; and various medications known
to increase the risk of edema of the lower extremities. Appropriate th
erapy is based on the presentation of edema and its identified cause.