USING AGE-APPROPRIATE PROLACTIN LEVELS TO DIAGNOSE CHILDREN WITH SEIZURES IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT

Objective: To assess the utility of serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF ) prolactin levels for identifying children who have experienced seizu res. Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed in a pediatric ED at an urban children's hospital. A convenience sample of children u nderwent blood and CSF analyses in the ED over a 2-year period. Result s: Thirty-five children (aged 3 months-15 years) with generalized toni c-clonic seizures and 48 ill control patients were studied. Both group s included febrile and afebrile patients, The patient characteristics in the seizure and control groups were similar with respect to age, fe ver, current medications, and blood, urine, and CSF cultures. When ser um prolactin levels were assigned age-adjusted dichotomous values of ' 'elevated'' or ''normal,'' the rates of elevation between the seizure and control patients were different (p < 0.001). The positive and nega tive predictive values of these age-adjusted levels were 68% (95% CI 4 7-85%) and 76% (95% CI 61-87%), respectively. The mean CSF prolactin l evels of the seizure and control groups were not significantly differe nt, In addition, there was no single threshold CSF prolactin level tha t could delineate seizure patients from control patients. Conclusions: Age-adjusted serum prolactin levels are useful only as an adjunct in the prospective evaluation of the individual pediatric patient for epi leptic seizure activity. CSF prolactin levels are not useful in the di agnosis of generalized seizures in children in the acute care setting.