Sm. Karam et Cp. Leblond, DYNAMICS OF EPITHELIAL-CELLS IN THE CORPUS OF THE MOUSE STOMACH .2. OUTWARD MIGRATION OF PIT CELLS, The Anatomical record, 236(2), 1993, pp. 280-296
The pit cells (or surface mucous cells) present along pit walls and ga
stric surface have been investigated by electron microscopy and radioa
utography after a pulse or continuous infusion of H-3-thymidine. For t
hese studies, the pit region has been subdivided into four segments: t
hree of equal length along the pit wall, respectively named low pit, m
id pit and high pit, and a last one at the surface named pit top. The
pit region includes an average of 37 pit cells, characterized by dense
mucous granules accumulated along the apical membrane in an organelle
-free zone referred to as ectoplasm. Continuous H-3-thymidine infusion
reveals that pit cells come from pre-pit cells, which are believed to
arise in the isthmus region from the undifferentiated granule-free ce
lls through a pre-pit cell precursor stage. The pre-pit cells, charact
erized by the presence of a few mucous secretory granules scattered in
the cytoplasm, migrate outward (i.e., in the direction of the gastric
lumen). When the secretory granules line up along the apical membrane
in the ectoplasm, the pre-pit cell becomes pit cell. It is estimated
that 87% of pit cells differentiate from pre-pit cells, while the rema
ining 13% come from their own mitoses. Observations at successive time
s after a H-3-thymidine pulse demonstrate that pit cells, like pre-pit
cells, migrate toward the gastric surface where they are eventually l
ost. The continuous H-3-thymidine infusion results indicate that this
migration takes 3.1 days on the average. Cells spend almost a day in e
ach pit wall segment In the low pit segment, cells produce more and la
rger mucous secretory granules than do pre-pit cells. In the mid and h
igh pit segments, the number and size of the granules generally keeps
on increasing, thus indicating that mucous differentiation is progress
ing. The secretory granules arising in the Golgi apparatus of pit wall
cells are mostly spherical; they retain this shape during the few min
utes taken to cross the cytoplasm and enter the apical ectoplasm. They
spend about an hour in the ectoplasm, where they change to an ovoid s
hape as they approach the apical membrane to finally release their con
tent by exocytosis. The mucous differentiation along the pit wall is a
ssociated with a progressive decline in the organelles: nucleoli and m
itochondria decrease in size while the amount of free ribosomes dimini
shes. When pit cells reach the free surface, they produce fewer, small
er secretory granules and at a lower rate than in mid and high pit. Me
anwhile, organelles decline further, while mitochondria tend to swell
and disintegrate. Clearcut signs of degeneration appear in some of the
cells. These cells find their way into the gastric lumen either by di
rect extrusion or indirectly after being phagocytosed by a neighbor ce
ll which is itself eventually extruded. Thus a sequence of cells-the p
it cell lineage-derived from the stationary undifferentiated granule-f
ree cells, includes pre-pit cell precursors, pre-pit cells, and pit ce
lls, which all migrate in the direction of the gastric lumen, where pi
t cells are eventually lost.