The incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) was studied in prema
tures in the southern part of Sweden during one year. Nine hospitals p
articipated in the prospective study. During the period 23 745 childre
n were born in the region. One hundred and ninety-three of 214 prematu
res of gestational age less-than-or-equal-to 32 weeks and/or birth wei
ght less-than-or-equal-to 1500 g, were subjected to ophthalmic investi
gation. The incidence of ROP among the prematures under study was calc
ulated to 9% (17 children). Six of them had severe ROP (3%). Some risk
factors associated to ROP are discussed.