Young children testify as witnesses with increasing frequency. This ar
ticle describes the law regarding children's competence to testify. Th
e article focuses on: (1) the elements of testimonial competence, incl
uding perception, memory, understanding the difference between the tru
th and a lie, and understanding the duty to tell the truth in court; (
2) the requirement of personal knowledge of relevant facts; and (3) th
e requirement that the child take a religious oath or a secular affirm
ation.