The economics of present-day health care and the politics of recent el
ections will forever change the practice of neurology. Managed care, o
utcomes research, limits on price and volume of services, diagnostic a
nd treatment restraint, divestiture of ownership in health facilities,
malpractice reform, increased use of preventive services, and adminis
trative simplifications will all be part of the new practice of medici
ne, and hence neurology. The challenge for neurologists will be to def
ine cost-effective neurological services, put greater emphasis on the
most prevalent and costly diseases of the nervous system, and convince
primary care providers and patients of their value. Health care refor
m is an opportunity and challenge for neurologists to improve patient
access while achieving acceptable financing mechanisms.