LIFE-HISTORY AND DESCRIPTIONS OF IMMATURE STAGES OF TEPHRITIS-ARIZONAENSIS QUISENBERRY (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) ON BACCHARIS-SAROTHROIDES GRAY IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA

Tephritis arizonaensis Quisenberry is bivoltine and monophagous, or ne arly so, on Baccharis sarothroides Gray (Asteraceae). The F1 larvae fe ed and develop in nongalled, branch-tip mines, the only Nearctic Tephr itidae known to do so; whereas, the F2 larvae develop singly in male o r female flower heads. Eggs and ova, second and third instars, and the puparium of this tephritid are described for the first time. The disc overy of a laterally striated, membraneous sheath covering each ovum i s reported. The median oral lobe of second and third instars is attach ed to the floor of the mouth lumen, as reported to date for only one o ther, noncongeneric, nonfrugivorous, North American tephritid. The pup arium is tightly girdled by a cylinder of host-plant epidermis inside the branch tip mine, which bears a characteristic vent hole basally. A dult behaviors, including courtship and copulation, are described. Hym enopterous parasitoids of T. arizonaensis include two species of solit ary, primary endoparasitoids, Pteromalus sp. and Dinarmus sp. (Pteroma lidae), and two species of solitary, primary, endoparasitic Eupelmus ( Eupelmidae). This tephritid may be worth evaluating further as a candi date agent to export for the biological control of weedy Baccharis.