We previously showed that daily intake of beta-carotene, a nontoxic an
tioxidant, reduces lipid peroxidation as assessed by serum lipid perox
ide levels. An alternative method to detect lipid peroxidation is the
measurement of pentane in breath. Pentane is a five-carbon hydrocarbon
that is released when an omega-6 unsaturated fatty acid undergoes per
oxidation. The aim of this study was to see whether graded doses of be
ta-carotene would affect breath pentane excretion in normal subjects p
laced on a carotenoid-free liquid diet for two weeks. The subjects wer
e then repleted with either 15 (n = 7) or 120 mg (n = 8) of beta-carot
ene daily for four weeks while continuing the same diet. Serum beta-ca
rotene and breath pentane were measured before and after beta-carotene
refeeding. Lipid peroxidation, as assessed by gas-chromatographic mea
surement of breath pentane, was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced by da
ily supplements of 120 mg beta-carotene (from 3.7 +/- 0.9 to 2.2 +/- 1
.4 nmol/l). However, the decline in pentane exhalation observed with t
he 15-mg beta-carotene dose did not achieve statistical significance (
p = 0.13).