EXCITATION OF A SINGLE TRAPPED ELECTRON BY PHASE-SENSITIVE BACK-ACTION

The hysteresis curve of the bistable cyclotron motion of a single elec tron in a magnetic field driven by external microwave radiation is obt ained by only varying the phase of a phase-sensitive back-action-evadi ng experimental setup, Thus the steady-state solution of the cyclotron motion includes two branches which could be switched by only changing the phase of the device. This effect is of particular interest as an example of the influence of the noise properties of the measurement ap paratus on a microscopic system subjected to measurement.