A male full-term neonate is described in whom cardiac insufficiency de
veloped within 24 hours post partum. Ultrasound revealed an arterio-ve
nous fistula of the vein of Galen. The patient's condition did not all
ow surgical correction and he died on the 22nd day of life. Persistent
pulmonary hypertension was an important accompanying feature. The lit
erature is reviewed with respect to the prognosis and the up to now se
ldom reported complication of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the
newborn (PPHN).