ABNORMAL PROTHROMBIN - EVALUATION AS A TUMOR-MARKER AND LOCALIZATION IN TISSUES OF PATIENTS WITH HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA

In this study, the diagnostic significance of PIVKA-II concentrations in various liver diseases was evaluated, and the use of PIVKA-II as a tumour marker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was discussed. Also, the location of abnormal prothrombin (PIVKA-II) production in HCC by i ndirect immunoperoxidase staining was examined. There was a good corre lation between plasma and serum PIVKA-II concentrations, indicating th at serum samples are adequate for PIVKA-II measurements. Fifty-four of 97 (55.7%) patients with HCC, one of 10 (10%) patients with metastati c liver cancer and two of 47 (4.3%) patients with liver cirrhosis had positive serum PIVKA-II concentrations. Positive serum PIVKA-II concen trations were found more frequently in patients with HCC than in any o ther liver disease (P < 0.01). Of the 97 patients with HCC, 54 (55.7%) were PIVKA-II positive, 76.3% had serum concentrations of either PIVK A-II or alpha-fetoprotein, indicating the usefulness of both tumour ma rkers in the diagnosis of HCC. Using frozen sections of tissue specime ns obtained at autopsy or during surgery, the localization of PIVKA-II was examined by indirect immunoperoxidase staining with specific anti -PIVKA-II antibodies. Tissues from 12 of 22 patients with HCC had posi tive PIVKA-II indirect immunoperoxidase staining only in the cancer ce lls. Cells with greater atypia tended to have stronger cytoplasmic sta ining. No specific staining was observed in non-cancerous cells. These findings suggest that PIVKA-II is synthesized specifically in hepatic cancer cells.