CHLORINATION BY-PRODUCTS FROM FERULIC ACID (A LIGNIN MODEL-COMPOUND) AND BIOLOGICALLY TREATED THERMOMECHANICAL CHEMITHERMOMECHANICAL PULP-MILL EFFLUENTS

A lignin model compound (4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid) was chlorin ated under conditions similar to those used in drinking water treatmen t. Various chlorophenols were identified in solvent extracts including chloroguaiacols, chloro-4-vinylguaiacols, chlorocatechols and chlorov anillins. Compounds identified as significant disinfection by-products in chlorinated drinking waters (chloroform, dichloroacetic acid, tric holoracetic acid and hloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone ) were associated with higher chlorine doses (satisfying 75% of the ch lorine demand). Filtered, biologically treated thermomechanical (TMP) and chemithermomechanical (CTMP) effluents diluted in natural waters w ere chlorinated at doses which ensured a measurable free chlorine resi dual after 20 h. Aquatic humic substances in natural waters influenced the impact of mill effluents on drinking water quality. Detected by-p roducts included the chlorinated disinfection by-products noted above, but only one detectable chlorophenol, 2,4,6,-trichlorophenol. By-prod uct concentrations were higher in solutions containing CTMP mill efflu ents and humic river water. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd