AN INVESTIGATION OF HORIZONTAL COMBINED EYE-HEAD TRACKING IN PATIENTSWITH ABNORMAL VESTIBULAR AND SMOOTH-PURSUIT EYE-MOVEMENTS

We investigated the interaction of smooth ocular pursuit (SP) and the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) during horizontal, combined eye-head tra cking (CEHT) in patients with abnormalities of either the VOR or SP mo vements. Our strategy was to apply transient stimuli that capitalized on the different latencies to onset of SP and the VOR. During CEHT of a target moving at 15 deg/sec, normal subjects and patients with VOR d eficits all tracked the target with a gain close to 1.0. When the head s of normal subjects were suddenly and unexpectedly braked to a halt d uring CEHT, the eye promptly began to move in the orbit to track the t arget, but eye-in-orbit velocity transiently fell to about 60-70% of t arget velocity. In patients with deficient labyrinthine function, foll owing the onset of the head brake, eye movements to track the target w ere absent, and SP movements were not generated until about 100 msec l ater. In patients with deficient SP, CEHT was superior to SP tracking with the head stationary; after the onset of the head brake. tracking eye movements were initiated promptly, but eye velocity was less than 50% of target velocity and increased only slightly thereafter. These r esults indicate that at least two mechanisms operate to overcome the V OR and allow gaze to track the target during CEHT: (1) the SP system p rovides a signal to cancel a normally-operating VOR (this cancellation signal is not needed by labyrinthine-deficient patients who have no V OR to cancel), and (2) a reduction of the gain of the VOR is achieved, an ability that is preserved even in patients with cerebral lesions t hat impair SP.