We report the occurrence of a unique photo-induced phenomenon in conju
gated polymers: reversible photo-induced phase transitions in single c
rystals of polydiacetylene (PDA). The dependence of phase conversion e
fficiency on the excitation photon energy shows that the photo-generat
ion of charge-carriers (polarons), rather than excitons, is responsibl
e for this macroscopic phase change. The possible dynamics of this unc
onventional phenomenon in the nanosecond time-domain is discussed.