The idea that conjugated polymers with alternate donor and acceptor mo
ieties in the main chain are characterized by a small band gap is prop
osed and explained. Experimental verification of this idea is reported
in new classes of conjugated polymer semiconductors, polysquaraines a
nd polycroconaines. These new materials show band gaps down to 0.5 eV,
conductivities around 10(-5) S/cm and are stable in air up 250-degree
s-C or higher.