D. Voltolina, THE ORIGIN OF RECURRENT BLOOMS OF GYMNODINIUM-SANGUINEUM HIRASAKA IN A SHALLOW COASTAL LAGOON, Journal of experimental marine biology and ecology, 168(2), 1993, pp. 217-222
Sediments from Esquimalt lagoon (B.C., Canada), treated to remove vege
tative cells and incubated under natural conditions, developed viable
Gymnodinium sanguineum Hirasaka populations. This demonstrates that as
yet unidentified hypnocysts of this species may overwinter in the sed
iments of the lagoon and cause locally recurrent tides, which previous
literature described as probably allochthonous.