The influence of the hardness of the sliding elements on the unlubrica
ted wear of steels has been investigated using a pin-on-ring configura
tion. Pins of quenched-and-tempered steel with varying hardness have b
een tested against countersurfaces that are also in the quenched and t
empered condition and with a similar range of hardness. A change in th
e predominating wear process of the pin, from oxidative to metallic we
ar, occurs as the hardness of the countersurface decreases, for consta
nt hardness of the pin.