X-ray analysis, ESR, and IR spectroscopy have been applied to the defe
ct structures in silicon particles made by various dispersal methods a
t room temperature. A silicon particle can contain a slightly deformed
core, a subsurface highly defective layer (this is made up of coheren
t-scattering regions with layers of amorphized material at the contact
s), and a surface layer in which there is oxidized silicon and adsorbe
d oxygen. The model of crushing determines whether the indiviidual par
ticles form aggregates of various sizes.