Tc. Goertzen et al., AN UNOPENED TITANIUM GREENFIELD IVC FILTER - INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUNDTO REVEAL ASSOCIATED THROMBUS AND AID IN FILTER OPENING, Cardiovascular and interventional radiology, 16(4), 1993, pp. 251-253
A titanium Greenfield filter did not open following placement in the i
nfrarenal inferior vena cava (IVC). Abdominal radiograph and cavogram
showed no definite reason for filter malfunction. Intravascular ultras
ound (IVUS) demonstrated the unopened filter in the IVC with thrombus
binding the legs. The thrombus was disrupted with a catheter, and the
filter completely expanded with a balloon. IVUS documented full-filter
opening in addition to residual thrombus in the filter following mani
pulation.