SOYBEAN FLOUR LIPOXYGENASE ISOZYME MUTANT EFFECTS ON BREAD DOUGH VOLATILES

Lipoxygenases are implicated in improvement of bread quality after add ition of enzyme active soy flour. However, differences among the three major isozymes in soybeans in terms of impact on bread characteristic s are not known. Differences exist among soybean lipoxygenase isozymes in terms of stability and generation of volatile flavor and aroma. So ybean flour with different lipoxygenase isozymes present might affect bread dough volatiles or defatting may affect activity of the isozymes . Full fat or defatted soy flour could be added to bread dough. Defatt ing selectively reduced lipoxygenase 2 activity with little effect on lipoxygenases 1 and 3. Addition of full fat soy flour from mutant isol ines indicated that as with soybean homogenates, lipoxygenase 2 is mos tly responsible for undesirable aroma compounds. Much higher levels of volatile alcohols were found in soy flour amended bread dough than in soy flour homogenates alone.