We show numerically that surface modes are associated with poles of th
e scattering operator in the complex plane of wavelengths, which permi
ts one to excite a mode strongly in such a way that the amplitudes of
the incident wave and of the waves scattered in the air are negligible
. Then the shape of the surface mode clearly appears, and localization
effects are well isolated. The influence of Bragg resonances on the l
ocation of the poles of the scattering operator in the complex plane w
as studied.