DESIGN OF REFRACTORIES AND BINDINGS FOR MODERN HIGH-PRODUCTIVITY PYROMETALLURGICAL FURNACES

Developments in pyrometallurgical technology have led to larger furnac es operating under more intense process conditions In order to maintai n the reliability of these furnaces, which are frequently single-line units, the design of the refractories, cooling systems and bindings ha s become more critical. Traditional thermal and chemical requirements for the refractory to resist slag attack must still be carefully deter mined. The larger, modem furnaces have placed a new emphasis on the st ructural properties of the refractories as well as their thermal prope rties to suit the extensive cooling systems Based on operating experie nce, supported by computer models, the refractories and bindings are d esigned to work together to accommodate the thermal expansions and con tractions in order to minimize permanent furnace growth and the risks of leaks.