A new optimal control model of chemotherapeutic cancer treatment is pr
esented including both the number of cancer cells and the level of tox
icity as state variables. It is shown that under certain conditions, p
eriodic drug administration is optimal. Although the model is highly s
tylized and too simple to describe realistic chemotherapeutic treatmen
t patterns, it may be seen as a first step to prove that periodic trea
tment strategies are superior to therapies with monotonic decreasing o
r increasing dosage rates.