Rd. Akre et al., A HUGE NEST OF THE COMMON YELLOWJACKET, PARAVESPULA-VULGARIS (HYMENOPTERA, VESPIDAE), IN CALIFORNIA, Entomological news, 104(3), 1993, pp. 123-128
A large, perennial colony of Paravespula vulgaris was collected in Cal
ifornia in July 1992. The envelope was ca 97 diam and had multiple ent
rances. The colony consisted of 220 nonfunctional queens, 2 developing
queens, 10 functional queens, ca 84,000 workers, and ca 32,000 males.
The 22 combs consisted of ca 220.000 worker and 9,000 reproductive ce
lls; 64% were empty. The colony was estimated to be 2-3 years old.